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Economic data
Economic Indicators Glossary
Our comprehensive glossary is designed to help you understand what each economic indicator means, how it’s calculated, and what it reveals about the economy. With our glossary, you’ll gain a deeper understanding of the economic landscape and be able to make more informed decisions.
| Indicator | Last | Previous | Highest | Lowest | Unit | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDP Growth Rate | 0.1 | -0.2 | 13.7 | -17 | percent | Dec/23 |
| GDP Annual Growth Rate | 1.2 | -0.7 | 19.2 | -16.2 | percent | Dec/23 |
| Unemployment Rate | 32.1 | 31.9 | 35.3 | 21.5 | percent | Dec/23 |
| Inflation Rate | 5.3 | 5.6 | 20.7 | 0.2 | percent | Mar/24 |
| Inflation Rate MoM | 0.8 | 1 | 6.7 | -0.7 | percent | Mar/24 |
| Interest Rate | 8.25 | 8.25 | 23.99 | 3.5 | percent | Mar/24 |
| Balance of Trade | 14043 | -9688 | 52741 | -36127 | ZAR Million | Feb/24 |
| Current Account | -165528 | -34400 | 295264 | -241123 | ZAR Million | Dec/23 |
| Current Account to GDP | -1.6 | -0.5 | 6 | -7.5 | percent of GDP | Dec/23 |
| Government Debt to GDP | 72.2 | 72.8 | 72.8 | 27.8 | percent of GDP | Dec/23 |
| Government Budget | -4.9 | -4.2 | 1 | -10 | percent of GDP | Dec/23 |
| Business Confidence | 30 | 31 | 92 | 5 | points | Mar/24 |
| Manufacturing PMI | 49.2 | 51.7 | 59.99 | 30.88 | points | Mar/24 |
| Consumer Confidence | -15 | -17 | 26 | -36 | points | Mar/24 |
| Retail Sales MoM | 0.4 | -3.2 | 74.5 | -50.8 | percent | Feb/24 |
| Corporate Tax Rate | 27 | 28 | 37.8 | 27 | percent | Dec/23 |
| Personal Income Tax Rate | 45 | 45 | 45 | 40 | percent | Dec/23 |
| Indicator | Last | Previous | Highest | Lowest | Unit | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDP Growth Rate | 0.1 | -0.2 | 13.7 | -17 | percent | Dec/23 |
| GDP Annual Growth Rate | 1.2 | -0.7 | 19.2 | -16.2 | percent | Dec/23 |
| GDP | 405 | 420 | 458 | 8.75 | USD Billion | Dec/22 |
| GDP Constant Prices | 4631218 | 4626743 | 4631218 | 718057 | ZAR Million | Dec/23 |
| Gross National Product | 4636223 | 4669615 | 4737603 | 504385 | ZAR Million | Dec/23 |
| Gross Fixed Capital Formation | 689202 | 690446 | 815426 | 73065 | ZAR Million | Dec/23 |
| GDP per Capita | 6022 | 5959 | 6263 | 3974 | USD | Dec/22 |
| GDP per Capita PPP | 13479 | 13338 | 14017 | 9556 | USD | Dec/22 |
| Full Year GDP Growth | 0.6 | 1.9 | 7.94 | -6 | percent | Dec/23 |
| GDP from Agriculture | 102904 | 113943 | 151353 | 43537 | ZAR Million | Dec/23 |
| GDP from Construction | 106530 | 108024 | 157769 | 14702 | ZAR Million | Dec/23 |
| GDP from Manufacturing | 527645 | 526641 | 572539 | 334105 | ZAR Million | Dec/23 |
| GDP from Mining | 204870 | 200134 | 240358 | 145919 | ZAR Million | Dec/23 |
| GDP from Public Administration | 372524 | 374637 | 375670 | 90907 | ZAR Million | Dec/23 |
| GDP from Services | 1118008 | 1111284 | 1118008 | 66256 | ZAR Million | Dec/23 |
| GDP from Transport | 388247 | 377314 | 390348 | 122083 | ZAR Million | Dec/23 |
| GDP from Utilities | 98554 | 96362 | 125002 | 82820 | ZAR Million | Dec/23 |
| Indicator | Last | Previous | Highest | Lowest | Unit | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unemployment Rate | 32.1 | 31.9 | 35.3 | 21.5 | percent | Dec/23 |
| Employed Persons | 16723 | 16745 | 16745 | 11666 | Dec/23 | |
| Unemployed Persons | 7895 | 7849 | 8000 | 3984 | Thousand | Dec/23 |
| Labor Force Participation Rate | 60 | 60.2 | 60.8 | 47.3 | percent | Dec/23 |
| Labour Costs | 135 | 134 | 135 | 0.7 | points | Sep/23 |
| Wages | 26894 | 26471 | 26894 | 6742 | ZAR/Month | Dec/23 |
| Wages in Manufacturing | 23649 | 23199 | 23649 | 6250 | ZAR/Month | Dec/23 |
| Population | 62.03 | 60.6 | 62.03 | 17.12 | Million | Dec/22 |
| Retirement Age Women | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | Years | Dec/24 |
| Retirement Age Men | 60 | 60 | 65 | 60 | Years | Dec/24 |
| Employment Rate | 40.77 | 40.95 | 46.17 | 35.93 | percent | Dec/23 |
| Minimum Wages | 27.58 | 25.42 | 27.58 | 20 | ZAR/Hour | Mar/24 |
| Youth Unemployment Rate | 59.4 | 58 | 66.5 | 48.8 | percent | Dec/23 |
| Indicator | Last | Previous | Highest | Lowest | Unit | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflation Rate | 5.3 | 5.6 | 20.7 | 0.2 | percent | Mar/24 |
| Inflation Rate MoM | 0.8 | 1 | 6.7 | -0.7 | percent | Mar/24 |
| Consumer Price Index (CPI) | 115 | 114 | 115 | 1.2 | points | Mar/24 |
| Core Consumer Prices | 112 | 111 | 112 | 52.5 | points | Mar/24 |
| Core Inflation Rate | 4.9 | 5 | 8.4 | 2.5 | percent | Mar/24 |
| Producer Prices | 101 | 100 | 131 | 63.8 | points | Feb/24 |
| Producer Prices Change | 4.5 | 4.7 | 18 | 0.3 | percent | Feb/24 |
| Export Prices | 175 | 174 | 180 | 0.4 | points | Dec/23 |
| Import Prices | 165 | 163 | 165 | 0.9 | points | Dec/23 |
| Food Inflation | 5.1 | 6.1 | 15.6 | 0.6 | percent | Mar/24 |
| Core Inflation Rate MoM | 0.7 | 1.2 | 1.4 | -0.2 | percent | Mar/24 |
| Producer Price Inflation MoM | 0.5 | 0.1 | 2.5 | -1.2 | percent | Feb/24 |
| CPI Housing Utilities | 111 | 110 | 111 | 46.1 | points | Mar/24 |
| CPI Transportation | 119 | 117 | 120 | 52.5 | points | Mar/24 |
| Inflation Expectations | 5.33 | 5.69 | 8.72 | 3.9 | percent | Mar/24 |
| Indicator | Last | Previous | Highest | Lowest | Unit | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interest Rate | 8.25 | 8.25 | 23.99 | 3.5 | percent | Mar/24 |
| Interbank Rate | 8.36 | 8.37 | 16.96 | 3.33 | percent | Apr/24 |
| Money Supply M0 | 376845 | 397321 | 409000 | 415 | ZAR Million | Feb/24 |
| Money Supply M1 | 2617877 | 2622403 | 2622403 | 1482 | ZAR Million | Feb/24 |
| Money Supply M2 | 4202478 | 4196727 | 4216823 | 2887 | ZAR Million | Feb/24 |
| Money Supply M3 | 5152798 | 5112492 | 5152798 | 4796 | ZAR Million | Feb/24 |
| Banks Balance Sheet | 7630093 | 7600600 | 7630093 | 114781 | ZAR Million | Feb/24 |
| Foreign Exchange Reserves | 62323 | 61653 | 62518 | 5316 | USD Million | Mar/24 |
| Loans to Private Sector | 4634091 | 4604046 | 4634091 | 4051 | ZAR Million | Feb/24 |
| Deposit Interest Rate | 7.08 | 6.96 | 21.6 | 3.74 | percent | Dec/23 |
| Central Bank Balance Sheet | 1238948 | 1241048 | 1269315 | 543 | ZAR Million | Mar/24 |
| Lending Rate | 11.75 | 11.75 | 25.5 | 5 | percent | Mar/24 |
| Indicator | Last | Previous | Highest | Lowest | Unit | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balance of Trade | 14043 | -9688 | 52741 | -36127 | ZAR Million | Feb/24 |
| Current Account | -165528 | -34400 | 295264 | -241123 | ZAR Million | Dec/23 |
| Current Account to GDP | -1.6 | -0.5 | 6 | -7.5 | percent of GDP | Dec/23 |
| Exports | 161855 | 143989 | 194076 | 55.8 | ZAR Million | Feb/24 |
| Imports | 147812 | 153678 | 184983 | 66.1 | ZAR Million | Feb/24 |
| External Debt | 158081 | 156096 | 185358 | 33262 | USD Million | Dec/23 |
| Tourist Arrivals | 955283 | 1253216 | 1598893 | 29341 | Feb/24 | |
| Gold Reserves | 125 | 125 | 184 | 123 | Tonnes | Dec/23 |
| Foreign Direct Investment | 16185 | 26014 | 562292 | -13910 | ZAR Billion | Dec/23 |
| Terms of Trade | 106 | 107 | 130 | 42.3 | points | Dec/23 |
| Terrorism Index | 0 | 0.83 | 3.68 | 0 | Points | Dec/23 |
| Weapons Sales | 48 | 89 | 243 | 0 | SIPRI TIV Million | Dec/22 |
| Indicator | Last | Previous | Highest | Lowest | Unit | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Government Debt to GDP | 72.2 | 72.8 | 72.8 | 27.8 | percent of GDP | Dec/23 |
| Government Budget | -4.9 | -4.2 | 1 | -10 | percent of GDP | Dec/23 |
| Government Budget Value | 20784 | -54662 | 73838 | -143761 | ZAR Million | Feb/24 |
| Government Spending | 923307 | 926321 | 926321 | 65991 | ZAR Million | Dec/23 |
| Government Revenues | 187131 | 116787 | 228225 | 4506 | ZAR Million | Feb/24 |
| Government Debt | 73810 | 70437 | 84435 | 11594 | USD Million | Dec/23 |
| Fiscal Expenditure | 166347 | 179204 | 231477 | 5424 | ZAR Million | Feb/24 |
| Corruption Index | 41 | 43 | 56.8 | 41 | Points | Dec/23 |
| Corruption Rank | 83 | 72 | 83 | 23 | Dec/23 | |
| Credit Rating | 41 | Apr/24 | ||||
| Military Expenditure | 2781 | 3110 | 4594 | 60.5 | USD Million | Dec/23 |
| Indicator | Last | Previous | Highest | Lowest | Unit | Period |
| Corporate Tax Rate | 27 | 28 | 37.8 | 27 | percent | Dec/23 |
| Personal Income Tax Rate | 45 | 45 | 45 | 40 | percent | Dec/23 |
| Sales Tax Rate | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 | percent | Dec/23 |
| Social Security Rate | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | percent | Dec/23 |
| Social Security Rate For Companies | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | percent | Dec/23 |
| Social Security Rate For Employees | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | percent | Dec/23 |
| Withholding Tax Rate | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | percent | Dec/24 |
| Indicator | Last | Previous | Highest | Lowest | Unit | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Business Confidence | 30 | 31 | 92 | 5 | points | Mar/24 |
| Manufacturing PMI | 49.2 | 51.7 | 59.99 | 30.88 | points | Mar/24 |
| Industrial Production | 4.1 | 2.9 | 102 | -53 | percent | Feb/24 |
| Industrial Production Mom | -0.3 | 0.4 | 41.5 | -48.8 | percent | Feb/24 |
| Capacity Utilization | 78.7 | 78 | 86.2 | 58.3 | percent | Dec/23 |
| Changes in Inventories | 7515 | -39736 | 97294 | -144645 | ZAR Million | Dec/23 |
| Bankruptcies | 138 | 109 | 511 | 0 | Companies | Feb/24 |
| Car Registrations | 26577 | 28883 | 43659 | 105 | Units | Mar/24 |
| Total Vehicle Sales | 44235 | 44732 | 65689 | 574 | Units | Mar/24 |
| Leading Economic Index | 1.7 | -0.2 | 5 | -6.3 | percent | Feb/24 |
| Composite Leading Indicator | 98.86 | 98.97 | 106 | 91.7 | points | Mar/24 |
| Coincident Index | 115 | 115 | 163 | 81 | points | Mar/24 |
| Composite PMI | 48.4 | 50.8 | 53.7 | 32.5 | points | Mar/24 |
| Electricity Production | 17410 | 18180 | 23801 | 10439 | Gigawatt-hour | Feb/24 |
| Gold Production | -3.6 | -12.7 | 175 | -60.8 | percent | Feb/24 |
| Mining Production | 9.9 | -3.3 | 119 | -50.4 | percent | Feb/24 |
| Indicator | Last | Previous | Highest | Lowest | Unit | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consumer Confidence | -15 | -17 | 26 | -36 | points | Mar/24 |
| Retail Sales MoM | 0.4 | -3.2 | 74.5 | -50.8 | percent | Feb/24 |
| Retail Sales YoY | -0.8 | -2 | 95.1 | -49.9 | percent | Feb/24 |
| Consumer Spending | 3089718 | 3082836 | 3095429 | 260612 | ZAR Million | Dec/23 |
| Disposable Personal Income | 4561365 | 4493751 | 4561365 | 3806 | ZAR Million | Dec/23 |
| Personal Savings | -1.1 | -1 | 23.8 | -2.4 | percent | Dec/23 |
| Private Sector Credit | 3.32 | 3.16 | 35.88 | -2.35 | percent | Feb/24 |
| Bank Lending Rate | 11.75 | 11.75 | 25.5 | 5.5 | percent | Mar/24 |
| Gasoline Prices | 1.29 | 1.21 | 1.6 | 0.43 | USD/Liter | Mar/24 |
| Households Debt to GDP | 34.7 | 34.5 | 43.9 | 33.1 | percent of GDP | Sep/23 |
| Households Debt to Income | 62.4 | 62 | 77.6 | 36 | percent | Dec/23 |
| Indicator | Last | Previous | Highest | Lowest | Unit | Period |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Building Permits | 8077892 | 4643597 | 12114101 | 218553 | ZAR Thousand | Feb/24 |
| Housing Index | 112 | 112 | 112 | 82.3 | points | Nov/23 |
| Price to Rent Ratio | 102 | 103 | 120 | 45.87 | Sep/23 | |
| Residential Property Prices | 2.2 | 1.9 | 8.6 | 1.5 | Percent | Nov/23 |
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