Brazil country overview
The economy of Brazil
Geography, People, Culture, and Economic Profile
Brazil information index
The resources of Brazil
Brazil has some of the world’s most abundant renewable and nonrenewable resources. Most of the country’s proved mineral reserves, agriculturally productive land, and other sources of wealth have been exploited in the Southeast and South, the country’s economic heartland; however, other regions have been growing in prominence. Improved transportation has made more of these resources accessible either for export or for use by Brazil’s burgeoning industries and growing population.
Minerals of Brazil
Brazil is endowed with an abundance of mineral wealth, much of which remains underutilized. The nation’s geological reserves encompass a diverse array of minerals, such as iron ore, tin, copper, and pyrochlore, the latter being a source of ferroniobium, as well as bauxite. Additionally, Brazil is home to considerable quantities of granite, manganese, asbestos, gold, precious stones, quartz, tantalum, and kaolin, also known as china clay.
The majority of Brazil’s industrial minerals are found primarily within the states of Minas Gerais and Pará, with a focus on resources like iron ore, bauxite, and gold. The states of Mato Grosso and Amapá are recognized for possessing the largest deposits of manganese ore. The Amazon basin is noted for its substantial kaolin deposits. While there are coal reserves of lesser quality in Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, Brazil also boasts a variety of other metallic and nonmetallic mineral deposits, many of which constitute significant export commodities.
Furthermore, Brazil’s offshore territories are rich in petroleum and natural gas reserves, particularly in the Southeastern region. These hydrocarbon resources represent a significant component of Brazil’s energy sector and contribute to the country’s economic strength.
Biological resources
Approximately 60% of Brazil’s territory is forested, accounting for roughly 15% to 17% of global forest cover. The Amazon and the Atlantic coastal regions are primarily dominated by hardwood species. Despite this, a relatively minor fraction of Brazil’s yearly timber yield is sourced from the Amazon basin. However, as infrastructure expands and settlements proliferate, logging activities in the Amazon are intensifying. Brazil boasts an extensive coastline and a wealth of river systems, offering significant potential for fishing. Nevertheless, the nation’s fishing sector remains relatively undeveloped, resulting in modest levels of productivity.
Hydroelectric resources
Brazil boasts a significant hydroelectric capacity, attributed to its expansive river networks and abundant precipitation, positioning it among the global leaders in this domain. The preponderance of its hydroelectric facilities is strategically situated in the Southeast and South regions, which are the principal consumers of electricity within the country. Key rivers in these areas, including the Iguaçu, Tietê, Paranapanema, Paranaíba, Grande, and the upper São Francisco, have been effectively utilized for hydroelectric generation. Additionally, the Tocantins River in the North and the lower São Francisco in the Northeast have been harnessed through damming. There are numerous other rivers across the nation that present substantial untapped hydroelectric potential; however, their locations are relatively remote from the primary centers of industrial and urban activity.
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